This illustration visually captures the theme of unconscious bias in narrative letters of recommendation, highlighting the differences in language used for applicants of different genders and racial backgrounds. The setting is a residency program office, with visual cues such as speech bubbles to emphasize the contrast in descriptive language. The tone is professional and suitable for an academic paper.

How AI and Data Enrichment Are Exposing Hidden Biases in Medicine—and Beyond

A groundbreaking study published in the Journal of Surgical Research reveals just how deeply unconscious bias seeps into the letters that can make or break a medical career. Researchers analyzed narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs) for plastic surgery residency applicants and found that female and non-white applicants were systematically described in less favorable terms than their male and white counterparts. Even more striking: White letter writers were more likely to use negative language when describing non-white applicants, while non-white writers highlighted accomplishments and drive more often for non-white candidates.

The Gender Gap in Computer Science — A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract— The low share of women in computer science is documented by many surveys. Most of these studies are based on registrations or enrolments of universities or other scientific institutions. In this paper, we present a new approach to a) analyse the gender gap in the group of scientists that are currently active in research and b) classify differences for different fields of computer science. This group comprises professors, industrial researchers, senior lecturers, postdoctoral researchers, and doctoral students shortly before finishing their theses. The proportion of women in a specific scientific area of computer science might provide valuable information for strategies to recruit women as postdocs or professors.